Ted Teiwtmeyer
For many decades astronomers have been claiming comets are dirty snowballs. It is the rendezvous with comet P67 that prompted me to look into this. But there are far more contradictions to current science than dirty snowball theories. We will start by briefly looking at Halley’s comet.
Halley’s comet photo by Giotto (photo credit [5])
What has history taught us about comets? On March 14, 1986, Giotto flew through the tail of Halley within 8,889 km of the nucleus. Cameras sent back the first images of Halley’s nucleus. Giotto’s sensors discovered that the surface of the comet only reflects about 4% of available light. This indicates the surface is virtually black. Giotto helped determine that the temperature of Comet Halley ranges from -53°C to -103°C. It is made up of mostly non-volatile materials. [1]
It was thought for over one hundred years that Halley’s comet had billions of gallons of water which is replenished as it flies through space. It is water vapor makes the tail appear white. Insanely huge quantities of water would be required for us to see any comet’s tail millions of miles away here on Earth.
Even more ridiculous is the claim of astronomers that the water is replenished as it flies through space after passing by the Sun. Self-replenishment is no less than pure conjecture. If collecting ice on objects in space is possible, why aren’t all asteroids covered with thick layers of ice? We have close-up photos of asteroids of various sizes none are covered in ice.
There is an even bigger problem with the dirty snowball theory. Ice put in a vacuum forces it to skip the boiling phase and go directly into sublimation. Sublimation is the transition of water directly into gas which is invisible. This is why dry ice simply shrinks; it never melts but returns back into carbon dioxide gas.
Fog from dry ice is simply partially condensed water vapor in our atmosphere. Another example of sublimation is what happens when dry ice is placed in a vacuum. It becomes smaller and smaller until it disappears without a trace.
When spacecraft Giotto arrived at Halley it fired a high velocity penetrating probe into the comet. Scientists were stunned to discover Halley is made of loose gravel, not dirty ice.
Sublimation of water in a vacuum dictates comets cannot collect water vapor as they travel through space. Water in interplanetary space can only be in gas form. Space is a near perfect vacuum with no water in liquid form. Basic science dictates that you must have a compressor to turn gas into a liquid.
COMET P67
Rosetta photographed comet P67 in November 2014 (photo credit [2])
Rosetta spacecraft will land a small satellite spacecraft on comet 67P on November 12, 2014. Spectrograph instruments aboard the Rosetta spacecraft detected a number of volatile gasses, including lethal hydrogen cyanide which smells like bitter almonds (the same gas used in gas chambers for executions.) Comet 67P is also venting hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane and formaldehyde. Chemicals which smell like rotten eggs, urine, alcohol and vinegar. [2]
But water is not on that list!
It would be fascinating to understand how and why complex, toxic organic chemicals became a large part of this huge comet measuring 16 miles across. A quick look at hydrogen cyanide characteristics raises even more questions about how it can still being present after billions of years. I randomly searched for information on hydrogen cyanide. Up came the Scotland Environmental protection agency website with these details:
“Trace amounts are found in cigarette smoke. Small amounts of hydrogen cyanide are released naturally from some plants or are formed from compounds found in the stones of some soft fruits and nuts. It is also used in industrial processes. Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless gas or liquid with a faint almond smell. It is soluble in water to give a weakly acidic solution known as hydrocyanic or prussic acid. Hydrogen cyanide melts at 14 degrees Celsius and boils at 26 degrees Celsius. It is very flammable and can be explosive when exposed to air or heat or when stored for long periods of time.” [4]
We know hydrogen cyanide boils at 26C. Solar heat is well known to raise the temperature of exposed metal surfaces in space to over 260C. How could volatile hydrogen cyanide and methane still be present after billions of years? It boggles the mind.
If P67 is a remnant left over from a exploding planet, why didn’t ALL the hydrogen cyanide burn up during the explosion? These same questions apply to volatile methane gas and other chemicals P67 has. All of this defies common sense and reasoning.
Astronomers have been silent about how P67 could have retained all these chemicals. Halley’s comet and comet P67 have revealed important discoveries, which clearly discard the “dirty snowball” theory astronomers have believed as the gospel truth for decades.
How could a Earth-bound astronomer measuring the spectrum of light from a comet head or comet tail on Earth, accurately claim a comet is a dirty snowball? All light from space reaching Earth must pass through our WATER-laden atmosphere before reaching a telescope or spectrograph instrument. To think such a measurement is accurate is patently absurd. Who could accurately measure the composition of cigarette smoke after passing reflected light of the smoke – through the plume of a smoke stack?
A May 2014 article written by this author shows additional reasons why comets cannot be dirty snowballs. It was written more than six months before the photo of P67, and long before a spectrograph was made by the Rosetta spacecraft. [3]
Bio-luminescence in water may have something in common with dark matter. [6]
A comet’s tail may be caused by visible light from a plasma discharge, or interaction with dark matter. Stirring up dark matter may briefly create light, similar to how seawater glows from disturbing micro-organisms which light up with bio-luminescence (above.)
Recent artist rendering of Giotto and Halley
looks like the front page of a fifties sci-fi book (photo credit [5])
Plasma tail or dark matter interaction fits observed phenomena comets passing near the Sun always have the tail blown away from the comet by solar wind. Tails are always on the opposite side of the comet from the Sun whenever a comet loops around the Sun or passes by it. This observation is seen with every comet makes sense and fits plasma tail theory. Plasmas (and perhaps dark matter) have little mass. A comet’s tail is clearly affected by solar wind.
It is only the motion of a large rock moving at high velocity through the fabric of space-time that separates a comet from a asteroid. Remember old astronomy books? Most people believed comets were giant rounded balls of ice like the artist rendering above, endlessly dumping water into space. Until Giotto photographed Halley’s Comet up close that was the belief.
Back in grade school, I asked a science teacher how comets could have huge volumes of water which never run out. Answer given: “Just accept it and don’t question it.”
A plasma or interaction with dark matter is the only way a comet can form a tail several million miles long while continuously giving off light for billions of years. Logically, comet tails cannot be made of comet material. Comets cannot continuously manufacture billions of gallons of water or chemicals on a on-going, non-stop basis.
Ted Twietmeyer
[1] http://www.comet-halley.com/chemical-composition-of-comet-halley.html
[2] http://news.discovery.com/space/sorry-rosetta-your-comet-stinks-141024.htm
[3] http://www.rense.com/general53/newcomettheory.htm
[4] http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=6
[5] http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1798/1
