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The heritage of Chichester is entwined with the heritage of the Roman Invasion of 43AD and extends back pretty much two thousand decades. The time when the Roman 1st recognized its strategic significance and constructed the fort and now the house to a thriving Industry Town Searching centre.
In 43 Ad the Romans invaded Britain and about forty four Ad they constructed a fort on the site of Chichester. It was by a supply of water (the river Lavant) and close to a harbour so provides could be brought by ship from France. Shortly the Roman army moved on.
The king of the community Celtic tribe, Cogidnubus, co-operated with the Romans instead than resist them. The Romans left him as a puppet king of Sussex. Right after the Romans experienced left the fort Codignubus resolved to consider it around and make it into a city. The Romans termed Chichester Noviomagus, which indicates new market location.
Roman Chichester was constructed on a grid pattern. The key streets formed a cross, which remains right now as North, South, East and West Streets. In the centre of the city was the discussion board, a marketplace lined with stores and community structures. Persons in Roman Chichester applied cesspits and received their water from wells but in the streets there were being drains for rainwater.
In the late 2nd century a ditch was dug all-around Roman Chichester and earth ramparts were being erected with a wood palisade on top. Early in the 3rd century stone partitions were being constructed. In the 4th century they were being strengthened with bastions, semi-circular towers. A ballistae, a variety of big crossbow, could be mounted on a person.
About 80 Ad an amphitheatre was constructed beside Roman Chichester. It would have experienced tiers of wood seats for about 800 people. On unique situations gladiators fought to the loss of life but normally the entertainment consisted of cock battling and bear baiting. (The animal was chained and pet dogs were being skilled to attack it).
Yet another pastime was heading to the community baths, which stood in the vicinity of Chapel Avenue. In Roman periods heading to the baths was not just to get cleanse but was also a way to socialise, the Roman equivalent of heading to the pub. In Roman Chichester there was also a temple to Neptune and Minerva at the junction of North Avenue and Lion Avenue.
In Roman Chichester wealthy people lived in houses with glass windows, mosaic flooring, painted murals on their partitions and even a variety of central heating termed a hypocaust. Of course, most people were being really very poor and experienced none of these points.
In Roman Chichester there were being carpenters, blacksmiths, bronze smiths, potters and leatherworkers. There were being also people who made combs and packing containers from bone. In the 4th century Chichester declined alongside with the relaxation of Roman Britain. The previous Roman troopers left Britain in 407 Ad.
In the late fifth or early 6th century the Saxons arrived. Chichester is named soon after a Saxon termed Cissa. The Saxons termed any group of Roman structures a ceaster. They termed this city Cissa’s ceaster. It improved to Cisscester then last but not least to Chichester.
Practically nothing is known of what occurred to Chichester until the late ninth century. At that time Alfred the Terrific developed a community of fortified places throughout his kingdom where guys could gather when the Danes attacked. Typically he applied old Roman cities or forts. Chichester was made a burgh.
The tactic labored. In 894 the Danes landed in West Sussex but guys from Chichester and the encompassing spot went out to fulfill them. They routed the Danes, killing numerous hundred guys and capturing numerous ships. This was Chichester’s best hour.
On the other hand the burgh of Chichester was not just a stronghold. It was also a flourishing city with a weekly market. In the 10th century there was a mint in Chichester so by then it will have to have been an vital local community.
At the time of the Norman conquest Chichester almost certainly experienced a population of much less than one,five hundred people. That appears really smaller to us but bear in mind that most people lived in small villages of about 100-a hundred and fifty people. Any settlement with around one,000 inhabitants was a reasonable sized city. By the thirteenth century Chichester experienced almost certainly grown to about two,five hundred people. Even now really smaller by our benchmarks but it would have been a lively location primarily on market times.
The South-jap section of Chichester belonged to the Archbishop of Chichester belonged to the Archbishop of Canterbury. This spot was termed the Palantine. The word palantine indicates ‘of the palace’ since this spot belonged to the ‘palace’ of the Archbishop. In time the identify grew to become corrupted to Pallant.
The Normans constructed a motte and bailey castle in Chichester in what is now Priory Park. This was a wood fort on an artificial hill (a motte) surrounded by a ditch and rampart with a wood palisade (a bailey). Later on the castle could have been rebuilt in stone.
In 1216 there was civil war and some barons invited a French prince to occur and be king of England. His French troopers occupied the castle. The French prince was finally persuaded to go house and the castle was demolished.
In 1075 the community bishop moved his bishopric from Selsey to Chichester, changing its heritage eternally. Chichester cathedral was constructed soon after 1091 and it was consecrated in 1108. However this creating was seriously destroyed by fire in 1114 and it was rebuilt. Yet another fire devastated the cathedral in 1187 and it once more experienced to be rebuilt. Chichester Cathedral initially experienced a bell tower but in the early fifteenth century this was moved to a individual tower termed a campanile. The cathedral was provided a spire to substitute it.
There were being weekly marketplaces in Chichester but from 1108 the bishop was provided the correct to hold a reasonable. (A reasonable was like a market but was held per year and captivated consumers and sellers from all around Southern England). The reasonable was held for 8 times each and every October. It was termed the Sole reasonable soon after a sloe tree, which grew in industry by Northgate.
In 1125 King Stephen gave Chichester its 1st charter (a doc confirming its legal rights and privileges). In the Center Ages retailers were being organised into bodies termed guilds which seemed soon after their passions. In Chichester the merchant’s guild owned underground vaults where perishable items could be saved in a cool environment. These vaults continue to exist.
In the thirteenth century it is recorded that wool was exported from Chichester (from Dell Quay). At that time wool was by considerably England’s most vital export. The king attempted to handle the trade by only enabling specific ports to export wool. These ports were being termed staples. In 1353 Chichester was made a staple port. It may seem astonishing now but in the Center Ages Chichester was a person of England’s most vital ports. Chichester Harbour was deeper than it is right now. (It has considering that silted up). Right until 1800 ocean-heading ships could sail up to Dell Quay.
There were being lots of cloth workers in Chichester. Right after it was woven wool was cleaned and thickened. This was performed by pounding it in a combination of water and clay. The wool was pounded by wood hammers labored by watermills. This was termed fulling. The watermills were being termed fulling mills. There were being numerous in Chichester on the Lavant. There were being also weavers and dyers in the city.
There was also a needle producing field in Chichester in the Center Ages. There were being also the same craftsmen located in any city. These provided brewers, bakers and butchers. Crooked S Lane was as soon as termed The Shambles and was complete of slaughterhouses. To us it would seem really unhygienic. Butchers threw offal into the road.
Other craftsmen in Chichester provided blacksmiths, carpenters, coopers, wheelwrights, cobblers and other leather workers who made saddles and gloves. There was also a tanning field in Chichester. Tree bark was soaked in contemporary water to extract tannin to tan leather.
In the Center Ages Chichester generated its only saint. Richard was Bishop of Chichester in 1245-1253. He is now patron saint of Sussex.
In the thirteenth century the friars arrived in England. The friars were being like monks but as a substitute of withdrawing from the planet they went out to preach and assistance the very poor. In Chichester there were being Dominican friars (termed black friars since of the colour of their costumes). They lived in the South East of the city where St Johns church is right now. They owned the land all-around the friary from the city wall up to where Baffins Road and Friary Lane are right now.
From about 1230 Franciscan friars (known as gray friars) lived in structures in St Martins Sq.. In 1269 they moved to the site of the castle. The site in St Martins Sq. was taken around by St Marys Hospital. This establishment earlier existed in South Avenue. (In the Center Ages the only hospitals were being manned by monks who cared for the ill as very best they could). There was also a leper medical center outside the house the Eastgate. Spitalfields Road is named soon after some fields it owned. (It was initially termed Hospitalfield Lane). In 1497 the Prebendal College was launched (despite the fact that a college connected to the cathedral experienced almost certainly existed a great deal previously).
In 1501 Bishop Storey erected Chichester market cross. If you required to offer items at the market you experienced to pay back a toll. There were being some very poor peasants who only experienced a number of eggs or a number of veggies to offer. The bishop explained everyone could offer points at the market and not pay back a toll presented they could stand beneath the cross.
In 1538 Hentu VIII closed the friaries in Chichester and sold their property. A mansion was constructed on the site of the black friary in East Avenue and the encompassing land grew to become its gardens. The gray friary was demolished but its church survived and in 1541 it was sold to the corporation and made the guildhall.
Throughout the 16th century Chichester declined in value. The wool trade declined. The key exports grew to become wheat and malt. Malt is applied in brewing. It is made from barley. The barley was soaked in water then laid out to dry then baked. Malt from Chichester was ‘exported’ alongside the coastline to other pieces of England. Other industries in Chichester were being brewing and tanning.
There is a story that when Queen Elizabeth visited Chichester she explained: ‘it is a little London’ and a person of the streets in the city has been termed that at any time considering that. It is not accurate as Very little London is shown on fifteenth century maps. It could have acquired its identify since retailers from London lived and labored there.
In 1578 the streets of Chichester were being paved for the 1st time by an Act of Parliament.
In 1588 the people of Chichester presented a smaller ship termed The John to battle the Spanish Armada.
Also in 1588 two Catholic monks were being attempted for treason in Chichester. (Clergymen were being regarded as overseas brokers). Ralph Crockett and Edward James were being hung drawn and quartered at a spot west of the city.
In 1625 a brewer named William Cawley constructed some almshouses for 12 ‘decayed’ (impoverished) tradesmen.
In 1642 came civil war between king and parliament. At that Chichester was a city of about 3,000 people and their loyalties were being divided. The bishop and most of the clergy supported the king whilst most of the retailers supported parliament. At 1st it was not clear which way Chichester would go. Then the community landowners, the gentry, resolved the issue. A power of 600 guys, 200 cavalry and 400 infantry rode into Chichester and took if for the king. There was no resistance.
On the other hand parliament speedily despatched an army to besiege the city. They fired cannons from the North, then the West. Eventually they fired them from the East. At that time there was a little suburb outside the house Eastgate, all-around St Pancras church, where people made needles. (This is why the street there is termed the Needlemakers right now). The defenders set the houses in the suburb on fire but the parliamentary troopers set up a cannon on a church tower and fired around the wall. Chichester surrendered and remained in parliamentary palms for the relaxation of the war.
Most of the houses in Chichester in the early seventeenth century were being made of wooden with thatched roofs. On the other hand tiled roofs progressively changed them. In 1687 a by-law banned thatched roofs since of the possibility of fire. In the late seventeenth century people in Chichester commenced to construct houses in brick. Westgate Dwelling was constructed in the 1690s. (It is often incorrectly termed Wren Dwelling. In truth Wren did not construct it).
In the 18th century the population of Chichester was all-around 4,000. It started off to increase in direction of the close of the interval but was continue to much less than five,000 at the time of the 1st census in 1801.
By the 18th century Chichester experienced dwindled to becoming a silent market city. In 1724 Daniel Defoe wrote that Chichester was: ‘not a location of a great deal trade, nor is it really populous’. This silent little city was mostly rebuilt in the course of this century. Numerous houses were being rebuilt in brick. The bricks were being made using community clay. Brick producing grew to become an vital community field.
Between the houses constructed at this time was Dodo Dwelling, which was constructed in the Pallant for Henry Peckham, a wine merchant, in 1712. It receives its identify since Peckham required ostriches carved on columns (ostriches surface on his household coat of arms). On the other hand the human being who carved them experienced almost certainly hardly ever noticed an ostrich and they are explained to look much more like dodos.
In 1731 Council Dwelling was constructed in North Avenue. As it has a lion on its roof a close by road grew to become known as Lion Avenue. The old Guildhall then grew to become a magistrates court docket.
To ease the stream of visitors into Chichester West, North and South gates were being demolished in 1773. Eastgate was demolished in 1783. Journey to and from Chichester was made much easier when turnpike roadways were being constructed. You experienced to pay back to use them but at leas they were being properly made up and were being an improvement on dust tracks. A turnpike street to London opened in 1748 and a person to Portsmouth opened in 1762.
There were being some enhancements to Chichester in the course of this era. In 1726 4 clocks were being additional to the cross. Chichester acquired its 1st theatre in 1764. It opened in an old warehouse in Theatre Avenue. In 1791 a reason constructed theatre was erected there. In 1779 Chichester acquired its 1st bank. Then in 1791 an Act of Parliament set up a physique of guys termed the Paving Commissioners. They experienced power to pave and cleanse the streets and to take away ‘nuisances’ these kinds of as overhanging shop indicators and bay windows that obstructed slender alleys.
Chichester was a city of craftsmen operating in their very own workshops with an apprentice. There were being carpenters, bricklayers and glaziers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, coopers, saddlers, tailors and shoemakers. There were being also bakers, brewers and grocers and gunsmiths and clay pipe makers. On the other hand the old field of needle producing died out totally by the close of the century.
In 1750 a grocer named Mr. Shippam opened a warehouse in West Avenue. He sold cheese and meat to the navy in close by Portsmouth. In 1782 he opened a shop in East Avenue.
In 1784 a new charity was formed in Chichester. A dispensary for ill very poor people opened in Broyle Road. The very poor were being provided cost-free medications.
In the really early decades of the century, in the course of the Napoleonic Wars, a barracks was constructed in Chichester. Even though Chichester was a smaller city it grew in size in the 19th century simply since the population of Britain quadrupled. In the 1st decades of the 19th century Somerstown was constructed outside the house the town partitions. Extra creating took location in the South East corner of the city. There was continue to a manor household with gardens until 1809 when the land was sold for creating. The new spot was termed Newtown (right now this is the identify of a one road). St John’s Church opened in 1813.
In the early 19th century the market in Chichester was starting to be really congested. On market times West Avenue was complete of livestock for sale. There were being also people marketing meals. To ease the congestion it was resolved to erect a creating where people could offer points like butter, cheese and veggies separately from the livestock market. In 1808 the Buttermarket was constructed for this reason. At the same time railings were being erected all-around the market cross. On the other hand owning a market in East Avenue continue to prompted a good deal of congestion in the city and impeded visitors. Therefore, in 1871, a new cattle market opened outside the house the Eastgate.
In 1833 the Corn Industry was constructed. In the late 19th century the front section of this creating was applied as a theatre and in the early twentieth century as a cinema. Chichester acquired fuel mild in the 1820s. Then, in 1826, the dispensary for very poor ill people grew to become Chichester Infirmary (forerunner of St Richard’s Hospital). Graylingwell Hospital opened in 1897.
Chichester acquired its 1st police power in 1836. The 1st police station was by the Eastgate. At 1st the city police power was individual from that of West Sussex but they joined jointly in 1889. In that year the police station moved to Southgate.
In Chichester drunks were being place in the stocks. The previous human being to experience this punishment was sentenced to two hrs in 1852.
From 1875 Chichester experienced a piped water provide. On the other hand it was afterwards than most other cities in creating drains and sewers. Chichester experienced a popularity in the late 19th century as becoming an harmful and unsanitary location. Most people in the city applied cesspits. Some applied buckets, which they emptied into the Lavant. Nevertheless lots of people in Chichester were being reluctant to construct a community of drains and sewers since of the price. They were being last but not least constructed in 1893-96. The worst spot of Chichester was St Pancras. This was the poorest spot and was complete of poverty and overcrowding.
In 1846 Chichester was related to Brighton by railway and in 1847 it was related to Portsmouth. In 1881 a branch line to Midhurst opened. Then in 1897 a mild railway to Selsey opened. There was also a canal from Portsmouth to Arundel, which was finished in 1855. On the other hand the canal was not a results and the previous section, from Birdham to Chichester, closed in 1906.
In 1850 Bishop Otter Teacher Coaching College or university opened.
In 1861 the spire of Chichester Cathedral collapsed in the course of a thunderstorm and experienced to be rebuilt.
In 1892 Shippams opened a meat paste factory at Eastgate.
By the commencing of the twentieth century the population of Chichester experienced reached about 9,000. It rose to about 12,000 by the time of the Initial Globe War partly since Summersdale was constructed North of the city. By 1939 the population of Chichester experienced risen to about 16,000.
In 1909 Chichester acquired electric powered road mild. In 1910 Chichester acquired its 1st cinema in West Avenue.
Chichester High College for Boys opened in 1908. The High College for Women opened in 1910.
In 1913 the infirmary grew to become The Royal Sussex Hospital. It moved to its present site in 1937.
In 1918 Priory Park, which was continue to private land, was provided to the council for community use. In the twenties the 1st council houses were being constructed in Chichester. By 1939 481 of these experienced been constructed. A new police station was constructed in Kingsham in 1937. The same year Chichester by-pass opened.
Throughout Globe War II there were being 3 bombing raids on Chichester. Bombs were being dropped on Basin Road in 1941, on Chapel Avenue and St Martins Avenue in 1943 and on Arndale and Eco-friendly Roads in 1944. Additionally in May well 1944 soon after becoming badly destroyed by enemy fire around France an American bomber crashed on the site of the old Roman amphitheatre. (The pilot and crew managed to bail out in time but could do nothing to avoid the airplane crashing).
Right after 1946 the Whyke Estate was constructed and, in the early 1950s, Parklands estate was constructed.
In 1957 Chichester was twinned with Chartres. A new ring street was constructed in 1958-1966.
In the early 1960s the spot termed Somerstown was demolished and rebuilt, as lots of of its houses were being substandard. Nevertheless this was controversial, as Somerstown was a self-contained local community with its very own stores. The rebuilding broke up that local community.
In 1962 Chichester peacheries closed and houses were being constructed on the site. Properties were being also constructed North of Bognor Road. By 1971 the population of Chichester experienced reached 21,000.
Chichester Festival Theatre opened in 1962. In 1963 Chichester Museum opened in an old corn store.
In 1961 a new railway station was constructed and in 1965 a new bus station. In 1964 a training centre for armed service police opened on the site of an old army barracks. In 1967 a new library opened. The same year a swimming pool opened outside the house Eastgate.
In the 1980s procuring arcades were being constructed in Chichester, Northgate Arcade and Alsmhouse Arcade. Westgate Leisure Centre opened in 1987. In 1989 a new history office environment opened in Chichester. Chichester livestock market closed in 1990. A new Tourist Details Centre opened in 1993.
Right now Chichester is a flourishing city and it is expanding steadily. Right now the population of Chichester is 26,000.
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